How do Nanoparticle Analyzers work?
Nanoparticle tracking analysis illuminates a dilute suspension with a laser sheet and records the scattered light of individual particles with a camera; software follows each track and derives a diffusion coefficient, converted to hydrodynamic diameter with the Stokes–Einstein equation, and counts particles per millilitre in a known volume. Resistive pulse sensing passes particles through a nanopore in an electrolyte; each particle transiently reduces ionic current in proportion to its volume, giving size and concentration. Field-flow fractionation separates particles in a thin channel by diffusion under a cross-flow before in-line light scattering detectors measure size and molar mass. Nano flow cytometers use hydrodynamic focusing and sensitive side-scatter and fluorescence detection to phenotype single particles. Sample dilution and calibration with reference beads are essential.
Which Nanoparticle Analyzers variants are available?
- Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer — A scattering-mode instrument that tracks Brownian motion of individual nanoparticles under a laser sheet to report number-weighted size distribution and particle concentration.
- Fluorescence-Mode Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer — A nanoparticle tracking instrument with laser lines and emission filters that distinguishes fluorescently labelled particles from the unlabelled background.
- Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing Nanoparticle Analyzer — An analyzer that detects particles one by one as they pass through an adjustable elastomeric nanopore, using blockade of ionic current to measure size, concentration and, with voltage scaling, surface charge.
- AF4-MALS Nanoparticle Fractionation and Analysis System — A system combining asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation with multi-angle light scattering, UV and refractive index detection.
- Nano Flow Cytometer for Single-Particle Analysis — A flow cytometer built for nanoparticle detection with hydrodynamic focusing, high-sensitivity side-scatter and multi-channel fluorescence.
- Multi-Angle Dynamic Light Scattering Nanoparticle Analyzer — A dynamic light scattering system measuring at several scattering angles, typically 15°, 90° and 173°, to resolve polydisperse or multimodal nanoparticle samples more reliably than single-angle DLS.
How do I choose the right variant?
Decide what the measurement must deliver: concentration and size distribution of polydisperse samples, fluorescent subpopulation counts, high-resolution separation of mixtures, or single-particle phenotype. Nanoparticle tracking suits 30 to 1000 nm particles at 10⁷ to 10⁹ particles/mL. Resistive pulse sensing gives high-resolution, refractive-index-independent size for conductive dispersions. Field-flow fractionation coupled to multi-angle light scattering resolves mixtures and aggregates. Nano flow cytometry is preferred when labelling and marker analysis are needed. Check detection limit versus your smallest particle, required dynamic range, sample volume, and optical property dependence. Consider whether applicable guidance such as ISO 19430 and regulatory expectations for liposomes or vaccines apply, and who will operate and maintain the system.
Where are Nanoparticle Analyzers used?
Nanoparticle Analyzers are specified in liposome and lipid nanoparticle characterisation, extracellular vesicle and exosome research, viral vector and vaccine particle counting, nanomaterials R&D and protein aggregate and subvisible particle analysis.
Which standards and certifications apply?
Work with Nanoparticle Analyzers is commonly governed by ISO 19430, ISO 13322-1, ISO 22412, ISO/TS 21362, ASTM E2834, ISO 21363 and GB/T 19627. Instrument certifications such as CE marking are confirmed per configuration and never assumed.
What are the key considerations before purchase?
Nanoparticle measurements are very sensitive to sample preparation. Use particle-free, filtered diluents and clean glassware, and dilute to the instrument's optimum concentration window. Dust and bubbles produce false counts. Verify size and concentration with certified polystyrene or silica nanosphere standards at start-up and after changes of settings, and report camera level, detection threshold, temperature and number of tracks, because these parameters change results. Keep laser optics, flow cells and nanopores clean and stored as advised. Install in a stable, temperature-controlled room. Regulated work needs IQ/OQ/PQ, locked methods and audit trails.
