Automated Autosampler and Peristaltic Pump Sample Introduction System

What is the Automated Autosampler and Peristaltic Pump Sample Introduction System?

An automated autosampler and peristaltic pump sample introduction system delivers samples and standards in programmed sequences. It is chosen for high-throughput ICP laboratories that need reproducible timing and full traceability with reduced operator effort.

Overview

The autosampler positions a probe in each sample vial, and a peristaltic pump draws a constant flow of sample, which is merged with an internal standard line before the nebulizer. Rinse solution is drawn between samples to limit carry-over. Software holds the calibration order, quality-control samples and reanalysis rules and links every result to a sample identity. Tube sizes and pump speed set the uptake rate, and consistent tubing condition is essential because worn tubing changes volume and slows washout. Capacity ranges from about 60 to 240 vials, with options for cooled trays, online dilution and automatic standard addition. Probe depth, rinse time and pump speed are optimized during method development for each matrix.

How does it work?

The sample introduction system determines how much sample reaches the plasma and in what form. For liquids, a peristaltic pump delivers sample to a nebulizer, which creates an aerosol; a spray chamber then removes large droplets so only fine droplets enter the plasma. Nebulizer type and spray chamber design set transport efficiency, which is typically only a few percent, and thus sensitivity. Ultrasonic nebulizers use vibration to produce finer aerosols and improve transport, while electrothermal vaporization heats a small sample to form a vapor. Hydride generation converts certain elements into volatile species, separating them from the matrix. Laser ablation removes solid particles from a sample surface for direct analysis. Whichever approach is used, transport tubing length and gas flows must be optimized, and washout between samples controls carry-over.

What are the key features?

• Autosampler with 60 to 240 vial positions
• Peristaltic pump with adjustable speed and tubing
• On-line internal standard addition
• Programmed calibration, QC and reanalysis
• Optional cooled trays and on-line dilution
• Results linked to sample identities

What are the technical specifications?

A typical automated autosampler and peristaltic pump sample introduction system configuration offers vial capacity of 60–240 positions, pump channels of 3–4 channels, uptake rate of 0.1–2 mL/min, tubing types of PVC, silicone or Tygon, internal standard line of separate channel and rinse station of single or double rinse. Values are indicative of the product class; the exact figures for each configuration are confirmed on the quotation and the calibration documents supplied with the instrument.

Which applications is it used for?

The Automated Autosampler and Peristaltic Pump Sample Introduction System is used in high-throughput environmental and water labs, pharmaceutical elemental impurity batches, food and feed multi-element programs and contract laboratory routine analysis. Across the wider ICP Sample Introduction Systems class, laboratories also deploy it for routine liquid sample delivery for ICP-OES and ICP-MS, trace analysis with improved transport efficiency and direct solid sampling and elemental mapping.

Which standards and certifications apply?

Relevant standards and methods include USP <730> Plasma Spectrochemistry, ISO 11885 Water quality — ICP-OES determination of elements, US EPA Method 200.7, US EPA Method 200.8, US EPA Method 6020B and ISO/IEC 17025. Certification candidates for this model are CE, ISO 9001 manufacturing and 21 CFR Part 11 software compatibility; each is to be confirmed for the specific configuration before shipment, and certificates are supplied only where they have been issued.

Sample introduction components are the most frequently replaced parts of an ICP system and are the usual cause of reduced sensitivity or precision. Nebulizers clog, corrode or crack; spray chambers accumulate deposits; pump tubing stretches and changes flow; and laser cells and transport lines adsorb analytes. Establish cleaning and replacement schedules and keep spares. Transport efficiency depends on gas flow, tubing length and chamber design, so changing one component may require method reoptimization. For high-solids samples, dilute or use a matrix-tolerant nebulizer to avoid blockages. Always check uptake rate and aerosol quality after maintenance, and verify performance with a check standard before releasing results.

How do I select the right Automated Autosampler and Peristaltic Pump Sample Introduction System?

Select an automated system when sample numbers are high and consistent timing, traceability and reduced operator effort are priorities. Specify the vial capacity, dilution range and whether cooled trays are needed. Confirm carry-over specifications meet your lowest limits and that the software fits your quality system.

How does it compare with other ICP Sample Introduction Systems variants?

Select a sample introduction system by sample type, detection limit requirements and matrix. A concentric nebulizer with a cyclonic spray chamber is the standard, efficient choice for clean aqueous solutions. High dissolved solids need a V-groove, cross-flow or high-solids nebulizer that resists blockage. Ultrasonic nebulization improves detection limits for trace work when sample volume allows. Laser ablation is chosen for solid samples and spatial mapping, and electrothermal vaporization for very small volumes or micro-samples. Hydride generation targets arsenic, selenium and related elements with matrix separation. Autosamplers with peristaltic pumps provide reproducible delivery and throughput. Confirm compatibility with your torch, plasma gas flows and instrument software.